How is Urethral Syndrome Diagnosed

Physical Examination

A diagnosis of urethral syndrome requires the exclusion of other common conditions, such as infection, sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, genital herpes, etc.) Like interstitial cystitis, physical examination is usually normal though in the case of urethral syndrome, atrophic urethritis (aka  estrogen atrophy) may present as dry, thin and pale skin/mucosa. Urologists should also check for various cancers, urethral or vaginal prolapse, cystoceles and rectoceles. A pelvic floor examination should be conducted to determine if muscle tension is present. Vaginal infection should also be ruled out.

Urinalysis

A physician will also request a urine sample to determine if infection is present. This is done via a urine culture. Testing may also reveal if diabetes is present. Uncontrolled diabetes can be a cause of urinary frequency and should be ruled out.

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies, such as an IVP, can help rule out other medical conditions though, in patients, the results are normal. MRI can help identify urethral diverticulum. Ultrasound may also be helpful in the examination of the bladder and other organs.

Cystoscopy with Hydrodistention

Performed under general anesthesia, a hydrodistention may help reveal bladder wall abnormalities such as Hunner’s lesions.